For any kind of placer mining other than hand panning, you have
to work on a placer claim. Claims are only available in
Placer Areas - the linked page
has a little information about some of the Placer Areas and regions in BC.
Money, Claims and Owner Information
There are two ways to
get a placer claim
of your own...
You might want to go where there are people working
their claims - it can be sometimes be easier to deal with someone face to
face. The Cariboo is sort of a good possibility - a lot of area worth
working but a low proportion of claims with the owners around.
The best area is probably Atlin in the far
North West of BC. (By road, you have to come South from the Yukon.)
It might be where there is the biggest concentration of people
actually working claims.
Getting Claim Owner Contact Information
You can get claim owner contact information using the government's
MTO System -
Mineral Titles Online. You can...
It is a great opportunity - exploring for gold - the most interesting part of placer mining. Shoveling gravel into a sluice box is not as interesting as prospecting. You can explore for the rest of your life and keep seeing and learning new things.
Most prospecting is done in placer areas, where you can you can get a claim if you have a Free Miner Certificate.
Prospecting can have one or more goals...
If your goal is simply to find gold - not a place for a new placer claim - you can work anywhere in BC. It doesn't have to be in a placer area.
Using a gold pan isn't as fast as using a sluice box, but you can use a pan in places you can't use a sluice box - when you aren't on a claim or when you dig in or within 3 metres of of a creek.
A good plastic gold pan costs $20 and weighs almost nothing.
A sluice box requires a pump, hose, gasoline, etc.
Working on Gravel Bars
You can use a sluice box and water pump on a gravel bar
on your claim. You can do this without a permit or a water licence
if the suction intake is no larger than 1.5 inches or 38 mm and
you work at least 3 metres from the water
(at least 10 metres on the Fraser River)
and you follow the other Basic Rules for using a
sluice box.
Using a Metal/Gold Detector
Metal detectors can only be used on your placer claim,
or on a claim owned by someone else if you have their
permission.
Some people pay thousands of dollars for a metal/gold detector. In some cases, it can be worth it. In good ground with good equipment and skill, and a lot of digging, you can find a lot of gold nuggets.
You may be able to detect whether a crack in bedrock has any gold in it. A metal detector might be used to find buried channels or benches by finding black sand.
In some cases, a post-hole digger can be a good way to dig when using a metal detector.
Note that work with a metal detector cannot be used to push out the Good-To date on your claim.
The best areas to work are covered with claims, so you need to get
permission from the
claim owner
if you want to work with a metal detector on his or her claim.
In BC, you generally need permission from the
local mining office
to snipe inside high-water lines of a creek.
If the ground can act like a sluice box, then sniping is
cleaning out that sluice box.
Tools for sniping include scoops, brushes, and hooks and other things
to collect sand and nuggets from cracks and other tight spaces.
Even if a sluice box is not near a stream,
most of the
same rules
apply.
Forestry roads can provide new opportunities if they expose
gravel from an ancient channel. You might find more of the channel
or more deposits at that level.
Colors (very tiny flakes of gold in the pan) mean that
gold was moving in the stream at that level.
This sort of bench can be dozens or even hundreds of feet above
the stream, where it flowed long ago.
Valley-side benches are only a good prospect if the valley hasn't
been reamed out by a valley glacier (or the bench is above the level
of any reaming). Glaciers will usually leave a valley with a U-shaped
(rather than a V-shaped) cross-section (looking up or down the valley).
Using a sluice box on the side of a valley can be a challenge.
You need to either use tubs and recirculate (most of) the water,
or dig a pond for the output.
There is an opportunity everywhere
you would like to explore by digging a trench.
You can profitably mine paydirt with an excavator
that is too deep or not rich enough to mine by hand -
on a bench, in an old channel or on a
Fraser River bar.
Machine-Digging
has disadvantages. It requires a permit
(hand mining usually doesn't).
The equipment costs a lot to buy or rent,
and it costs to operate it -
much more gold must be found just to pay expenses.
An opportunity for machine-mining must be
rich enough and large enough to be profitable.
Before mining begins, you may have to spend money
to prepare the site and get the equipment setup out there.
Getting the permit(s) and a water license take time.
If anyone is going to go anywhere that is below the water table,
you may have to have plans approved by a Professional Engineer.
Diverting the creek can mean mud and silt getting into the
water. Presumably, it can only be done where there are no fish, or
at least no fish breeding, for a distance downstream.
One aspect is that you can't work within three metres of the creek, so
the two channels would have to be more than this far apart where you
want to work.
Another potential problem is water seepage. Generally, the solution
is to start excavating from the downstream end and working up the
channel so that water flows away from the work. If necessary, water
might be pumped from the downstream end into a settling pond.
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Sniping Along the Bank
Sniping is finding and gathering small deposits of silt and sand
from bedrock cracks and other places that may have concentrated gold.
A crack in bedrock can act like a riffle in a sluice box -
catch heavy sand and gold better than lighter sand.
Sniping could also include collecting the sand/silt/etc. from
under and behind boulders, and other such likely spots.
(But be careful in BC)Working Above Stream Level
Individual miners today have a great advantage over
miners in the gold rushes in the 1800s - they can use
portable gasoline powered water pumps (on a placer claim).
In the 1800s, it was very difficult to get water much above
the level of the stream.
Exploring for Hidden High Benches
Exploring for buried benches on the sides of the valley is an
opportunity on some claims. A bench just behind some bedrock or
around the inside of a bend is best - where gold would have
collected when the water flowed at that level.
Machine-Digging Opportunities
Hydraulic excavators - loader-backhoes and bigger ones -
are one of the two great advances in placer mining
since the gold rushes.
(The other is inexpensive portable pumps.)
Something Unusual - Moving A Creek
It is possible (sometimes) to get approval to move a creek over
so that you can mine its channel.
You can usually only do this where you can divert the creek into
an older channel.
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